@Alex the roundish muscle at the bottom of the chest which regulates breathing is called the diaphragm. When it gets irritated, it behaves in a sporadic way causing you to suck in too much air too quickly. All that air makes your vocal cords close suddenly and the result is a hiccup. What irritates the diaphragm in the first place could be too much food, spicy food or even just excitement.
My favorite theory about why hiccups happen (which I apparently got from QI) is that it’s a kickback to when we were aquatic creatures, and the diaphragm was the muscle used to pull water through gills while keeping the lungs closed. I’m not sure I believe this, but it’s certainly possible that evolution could have left something useless like that in our mental wiring, since it doesn’t do any real harm.
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